Content of lectures: 1. Introduction, terminology - aquatic macrophytes, evolution, phylogenetics and taxonomy, life-forms, the diversity of aquatic habitats 2. Phytogeography - vegetation heterogeneity in time and space, distribution of aquatic vegetation along global-local gradients, distribution barriers, postglacial migration routes, endemism, adventive hydrophytes 3. Aquatic environment - influence of light and temperature, nutrients and gases in water and sediments, salinity, hydrodynamics, water level fluctuation, sedimentation, anthropogenic impacts (acidification, eutrophication, regulation) 4. Morphological and physiological adaptations of aquatic macrophytes - growth forms, adaptations of emergent, submerged (rooted, free-floating) plants and plants with floating leaves, light and nutrient preferences, photosynthesis, symbiosis, interactions with the aquatic environment and other aquatic organisms, resistance to drying and tearing (wetting) 5. Reproduction of aquatic macrophytes - sexual reproduction (effects of external factors on reproductive strategy, reproduction of aquatic pteridophytes and angiosperms, fertilisation and post-fertilisation development, diaspores and their dispersal, dormancy, phenology), vegetative reproduction and perennation (replacement of sexual reproduction, regeneration, hibernacula, dispersal of hydrophytes) 6. Vegetation of streams, rivers and reservoirs - characteristic habitats and plant communities 7. Vegetation of wetlands - habitats and plant communities 8. Vegetation of springs and mires - characteristic habitats and plant communities 9. The role of aquatic macrophytes in ecosystems, methods of study, management - macrophytes as indicators, aesthetic and economic value of aquatic hydrophytes, non-destructive and invasive studies, management, control of aquatic weeds 10. Conservation of aquatic macrophytes, their communities and habitats - legislation, protected and invasive species, disturbed and protected habitats in the Czech Republic and around the world Content of practicals: 1st practical at the Institute of Botany AS CR in Třeboň - plant determination at the Collection of aquatic and wetland plants (https://sites.google.com/site/ibotcollection), microscopy of plant morphology and anatomy in laboratory 2nd practical in field - aquatic vegetation and habitats; methods of study in situ
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