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Lecturer(s)
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Štech Milan, doc. Ing. Ph.D.
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Šmilauerová Marie, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Content of lectures: 1. History of plant anatomy. Evolution of plant tissue. Simplex and complex tissue. Parenchyma. Collenchyma. Sclerenchyma. Classification of meristems. Shoot apex of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Root apex. Epidermis. Ground tissue. Vascular tissue. 2. Primary and secondary structure of root. Root cap. Rhizodermis. Root cortex.. 3. Ontogenetic development of the stem. Types of stele.. 4. Seasonal activity of cambium and secondary thickening. Structure of secondary wood and phloem. Activity of phellogen. Development of periderm. Lenticels. Anomalous secondary growth. 5. Development of the leaf. Gymnosperm and angiosperm leaf structure. Epidermis. Stomata. Hydatode. Mesophyll. Vascular system of the leaf at C3 and C4 plants. Abscission of leaves. 6. Phylogeny and ontogeny of the flower. Histology of stamen. Male gametophyte. Pollen grain and pollen tube development. Histology of the carpel. Female gametophyte. Embryo sac development. Archegonium of the ferns and gymnosperms. 7. Fertilization. Development of the endosperm. Dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous embryo. Early and late embryo development. Suspensor. Apomixis. Seed. 8. History of plant morphology. Principle characteristics of plant organs. Symetry. Indumentum. 9. Structural and functional diversity of stem, stem branching, nodes and internodes. Buds. Pupeny. 10. Structural and functional diversity of roots and other underground parts. Phyllotaxis. 11. Structural and functional diversity of leaves. Leaf evolution microphylles, megaphylles. Leaf parts, venation, vernation, aestivation. 12. Structural and functional diversity of angiosperm flower, flower evolution in particular angiosperm groups. Flower parts, ABC model. 13. Pollen grains. Inflorescences. 14. Structural and functional diversity of fruits and seeds. Content of practices: Elementary botanical microtechnique. Anatomical sections of simplex and complex tissue. Practical demonstration on the living and conserve objects own preparation
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Monitoring, Demonstration, Excursion
- Class attendance
- 52 hours per semester
- Preparation for credit
- 20 hours per semester
- Field trip
- 2 hours per semester
- Preparation for exam
- 80 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The course presents morphological and anatomical diversity in vascular plants and plant embryology. Interpretation is focused on the functional, ecological and phylogenetic relationships. The course is composed as the base level for the other study of plant systematics, ecology, physiology and genetic.
Overview of morphological, anatomical and emryological terminology. Practical identification of modified plant organs.
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Prerequisites
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Basic high school knowledge
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination
Successful passing of continuous tests and active participation in the project.
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Recommended literature
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Beneš, K.: Úvod do anatomie a embryologie rostlin. Biol. fak. JU, Č. Budějovice 2000.
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Erdelská, O.: Embryologie krytosemenných rastlin. Veda, Bratislava 1981.
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Esau, K.: Plant anatomy Wiley, New York 1953.
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Kaussmann, B.: Pflauzenanatomie Fischer, Jena 1963.
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Luxová, M.: Anatomie a morfologie rostlin. SZN, Praha 1974.
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Ambrose B. A. & Perugganan M. [eds]. The Evolution of Plant Form. Annual Plant Reviews, vol. 45. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
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Dostál J. & Futák J. Morfologická terminológia. In Futák J. [ed.], Flóra Slovenska 1., Bratislava. Bratislava, 1966.
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Gifford E. M., Ernest M. & Foster A. S. Morphology and evolution of vascular plants, 3rd. ed.. New York, 1989.
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Hickey M. & King C. The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms. Cambridge, 2000.
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Slavíková Z. Morfologie rostlin, 2nd ed.. Praha, 2002.
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Stuessy T. F., Mayer V. & Hörandl E. [eds]. Deep Morphology [Towards a Renaissance of Morphology in Plant Systematics]. Vienna.
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