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Lecturer(s)
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Ekrt Libor, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Vejvodová Kateřina, Mgr.
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Course content
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Content of lectures: 1. Delimitation of pteridophytes (Pteridophyta), their position among vascular plants in general. Basic pteridological literature, journals, www pages. Phylogeny of pteridophytes. 2. General characterics, morphology, diversity and systematics of lycophytes (Lycopodiophyta). 3. Morphology, diversity and systematics of horsetails (Equisetopsida) and Psilotopsida. 4. General characterics of core ferns (Polypodiopsida), morphology, diversity and systematics of eusporangiate ferns (Ophioglossopsida) and protoleptosporangiate ferns (Osmundales). 5. Diversity and systematics of extant leptosporangiate ferns, morphology, diversity and systematics of Hymenophyllaceae. 6. morphology, diversity and systematics of Aspleniaceae - the most diversified groups of extant ferns. 7. morphology, diversity and systematics of Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Thelypteridaceae. 8. Important tropical and subtropical groups Cyatheaceae, Davalliaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Grammitidaceae, Marattiaceae, Nephrolepidaceae. Water ferns Azollaceae, Marsilaceae, Salviniaceae. 9. Modes and mechanisms of speciation of ferns and lycophytes, polyploidization and hybridization - the most powerful mechanisms of speciation, polyploidy series, groups and its research, tertiate speciation, cryptic species. Evolution of nuclear genome, genome size. Evolution of pteridophytes in the past, paleontological parallels, fossils, first fern radiations in the past -of what seems to be composed of coal. 10. Life strategy of pteridophytes, diversity of live forms, phenology, habitat preferences ferns in various vegetation types. Ecological adaptations of pteridophytes. Ecology of gametophytes - as independent live stage in vascular plants, its morphology, saprofytism, mycotrophy, ecophysiology. Conservation of ferns and lycophytes, type of threats. 11. Propagation of pteridophytes, life cycle, alternation of generations, sexual versus asexual reproduction (aposporye, apogamy, agamospory), efficiency of the particular ways under the effect of environment. Population biology, long distance dispersal. 12. Phytogeography of pteridophytes, patterns of distributios on Earth, endemism, floristics, vicariance, invasive and fast spreading species of ferns and lycophytes. Content of practicals: Practical demonstration of the most important representatives of the particular ferns and lycophytes groups. Preparation of important morphological characters useful for determination of species.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Dialogic (discussion, interview, brainstorming), Monitoring, Demonstration, Laboratory
- Class attendance
- 48 hours per semester
- Preparation for classes
- 25 hours per semester
- Preparation for exam
- 90 hours per semester
- Preparation for credit
- 20 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The course supplements the course "Systematics of Higher Plants" in its part devoted to the pteridophytes. It provides a brief outline of variability, morphology, systematics, phylogeny, distribution and ecology. In a more detail will be demonstrated groups distributed in Europe and selected groups of other vegetation types. The pteridophyte groups referred to in the lectures are demonstrated in the practicals, the attention is in particular paid to the characters important for practical identification.
Students obtain knowledge about the problems of vascular spore producing plants, their diversity, evolution and learn to know critical characters for determination of particular pteridophytes growing in the Czech Republic. At the same time, students will learn microscopy preparation and microcharacters recognition (spores, sporangiums, scales) important for determination of taxonomically difficult species.
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Prerequisites
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This is specialized course continuing on course Botany of higher plants - small (KBO 132) or extended course Botany of higher plants - large (KBO 138, 139). Biology of pteridophytes extends the depth of knowledge in spore producing vascular plants in the level of Botany of higher plants - small (KBO 132).
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Test
Exam requirements form knowledge presented in particular presentations and are formed by written test. The emphasis is on general knowledge of mechanisms of taxonomy, ecology and biogeography connected with biology of lycophytes and ferns. At least 70% of the test questions must be answered in the test. Credit requirements form presentation of short presentation (15 min.) report to the actual published paper connected with pteridology problems.
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Recommended literature
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Camus J. M., Gibby M. & Johns R. J. [eds] (1996): Pteridology in perspective. - Kew, Royal botanic Gardens..
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Dyer A. F. [ed.] (1979): The experimental biology of ferns. - London, Academic Press..
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Kubitzki K. [ed.] (1990): The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. - Berlin, Springer-Verlag..
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Mehltreter K., Walker L. R. & Sharpe J. M. (2010): Fern ecology. - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge..
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Ranker T. A. & Haufler C. H. (2008): Biology and evolution of ferns and lycophytes. - Cambridge, Cambridge University Press..
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Studnička M. (2009): Kapradiny. Atlas domácích a exotických druhů. - Praha, Academia..
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