Content of lectures (1) Properties of chemical substances in relation to their chemical structures (Jegorov or Šimek), 2 h Bond and non-bond interactions, physical-chemical properties from practical point of view. Electronic structure, polarity, acido-basic, oxido-reduction properties, reactivity of functional groups, mass, solubility, absorption and emission, symmetry. (2) Sample preparation (Šimek), 2 h Sampling, processing and storage, preconcentration. Preconcentration of volatiles (headspace analysis, thermal desorption, SPME, CLS). Aerial, animal, and plant matrices. Liquid-liquid extraction, SPE, SFE. Measures against contamination, degradation of samples. Requirements on trace analysis. (3) Separation of small molecules (Šimek), 2 h Paper chromatography, TLC, analytical and preparative liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, SFC. chromatography on a chip. Electromigration methods, isotachophoresis, capillary electrophoresis of small molecules. Evaluation and comparison of particular separation methods, availability, time and cost requirements. (4) Capillary gas chromatography (Šimek), 2 h Separation mechanisms, chromatographic materials, their properties and applications. Optimisation of the separation process on capillary columns. Retention indices. Instrumentation. (5) Reversed-phase and normal phase liquid chromatography (Šimek), 2 h Chromatographic materials, their properties and use. Separation on analytical and preparative scale. Optimisation of the chromatographic process, practice of the HPLC and data evaluation. (6) Spectral methods (Jegorov), 2 h UV, CD, IR, MS, NMR, EPR,AAS, ICP. Their application area, availability, cost, time and mental requirements. (7) Mass spectrometry (Šimek), 2 h Ionization of molecules - EI, ESI, MALDI, mass analysers, ions and their fragmentation, tandem MS. Mass spectrum, basic interpretation of mass spectra. (8) UV-VIS spectroscopy (Jegorov), 2 h Transitions, band intensities, effects of functional groups, conjugation, pH, induction and mesomeric effects. (9) Infrared spectroscopy (Jegorov), 2 h Gas, liquid and solid phase IR/Raman spectra. Symmetry and intensity of transitions in IR/Raman spectra. Sample preparation effects on the spectra. Band assignments. Characteristic vibration of functional groups. Fingerprint area. (10) NMR and EPR spectra (Jegorov), 2 h 1H a 13C NMR spectra, multiplicity, spin-spin interaction constants, relationship to a torsion angle, basic orientation in 1D spectra. 2D techniques in structure assignment -COSY, HETCOR. Confirmation of molecules in solution- NOE. EPR spectra and labelling with free radicals. (11) Diffraction methods (Jegorov), 2 h Single-crystal and powder diffraction methods. Effects of crystal form on the properties (polymorphism). Absolute configuration. Receptor-ligand structure-applications in biological research. (12) Interpretation of mass spectra (Šimek), 2 h Interpretation of mass spectra, isotopes, molecular ion, fragmentation ions in the EI, CI spectra, ESI, MALDI spectra, MS/MS, MSn spectra. (13) Microchemical techniques, automatization of instrumental methods, data processing (Šimek), 2 h Derivatization and degradation methods, transformation of functional groups. Microscale reactions and their analytical applications. Interpretation and validation of experimental data, good laboratory practice (GLP). (14) Analysis and identification of biogenic inorganic elements, organic a natural substances (Šimek), 4 h Summary. From elements and hydrocarbons, alcohols over amines to sugars, lipids, peptides. Structure-detection relationships. Content of practicals 1.Sample preparation Amino acid analysis in urine, solid phase. 2.Derivatization and extraction techniques Liquid-liquid extraction of amino acids. 3.Separation and analysis of the amino acid extract by gas chromatography. Analysis and processing of the obtained chromatogram. 4.Separation and analysis of the amino acid extract by liquid chromatography. Analysis and pr
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