Content of lectures: Introduction to the general chemistry, mass definition and properties, fundamental chemical laws, chemical formula, chemical compounds, purity of compounds. Symbolism of atoms, fundamental particles of an atom, chemical element, mass of atoms and molecules, atomic mass unit, relative atomic mass, number of moles, molar mass. Nucleus of atom, radioactivity, spontaneous fission, fundamental concepts of radioactive compounds, nuclear reactions and their symbolism. Physical differences of micro and macro-world, atom model of Bohr and Sommerfeld, Bohr theory of hydrogen atom, Schroedinger wave equation, wave function and importance, probability of finding the particle, density of probability, atomic orbital, quantum numbers n, l, m and s, shapes of atomic orbitals, electron energy levels and their degeneration, Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's. The periodic law and system of chemical elements, atom properties - ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity. Historical overview on chemical bond theory, ions, ionic radii, ionic crystals, methods to study ionic crystals. Covalent and donor-acceptor bond, wave model of chemical bond, overlap of atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals and MO-LCAO method, aufbau principle of MO, MO diagrams for diatomic of homo and heteronuclear molecules, bond order and bond valence, the length of covalent bond, bond energy. The shape of molecules, Theory of hybridization of atomic orbitals, VSEPR theory, delocalization, weak interactions. Arrhenius, Broensted-Lawry and Lewis acid-base theories, solvo-theory of acids and bases, pH, hydrolysis of salts, buffers and their capacity. Fundamentals of electrolysis, electrochemical potential, standard electrode potentials, standard hydrogen electrode, galvanic cells. Coordination particles (central atom, ligand), coordination polyeders, chelates, nuclear complexes, clusters, structural and stereo isomerism, coordination bond, donor-acceptor properties of ligands, fundamentals of a ligand field theory, complex equilibrium, complex stability, mechanisms of complex reactions. Types and mechanisms of chemical reactions, reversible reactions, the equilibrium law, equilibrium constant, the position of equilibrium influenced by a change of concentration, pressure or temperature, reaction kinetics, reaction rate, reaction order, reaction molecularity, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, reaction coordinate, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, solutions, solubility, precipitation and solubility product constants, properties of dilute solutions. General properties of solid compounds, crystal lattice, elements and symmetry operations, symmetry of molecules and ions, physical properties and types of crystals, X-ray crystallography. Introduction to systematical inorganic chemistry, chemical periodicity, general properties of transition and non-transition metals, semimetals and nonmetals. Contents of exercises: Theoretical exercises - practice of new knowledge, detail explanation of lectures and discussions, theoretical examples.
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