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Lecturer(s)
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Course content
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Program for 12 lessons of 90 minutes each: 1-Age of revolution; the three Napoleonic invasions; the establishment of the Portuguese court and royal family in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil becomes the center of the empire; the unique case of Brazil's imperial independence; civil war in Portugal. 2-Transition period; British informal domain of Portugal; Liberalism is established in Portugal; popular revolts; the uneasy XIX century; late industrial revolution; lagging progress; foreign interference. 3-Triumph and tragedy 1885-1908; the consequences of the Conference of Berlin of 1884-85; the pacification campaigns of Portuguese Africa; "the Rose-Coloured Map" plan and friction with England; the failure of Liberalism; the assassination of the king and royal prince. 4-The Inglorious Republic; the Republican revolution of 1910 and the end of the monarchy; the disastrous First Republic; religious persecution; participation in the First World War in Europe and Africa; dire straits and anarchy, Portugal hits the bottom; aviation pioneers; the call and rise of a new order. 5-The New State; the "Estado Novo" regime and the figure of Oliveira Salazar; fundaments and comparisons of the Portuguese authoritarian regime; the financial miracle; 6-The International Arena; consequences of the Spanish Civil War and relations with Spain; the Second World War, Portuguese diplomacy and preparation for war; the diplomat heroes in Europe; Portuguese neutrality in the war, delicate steps; Lisbon, city of spies; co-founder of NATO, OEEC and EFTA; economic growth and prosperity throughout Portugal and the empire. 7-The twilight of empires; the international situation that lead to the overall process of African and Asian independences; the situation of the still worldwide Portuguese empire; Macau and China; Goa and the Portuguese State of India and the new Indian State; Timor and Indonesia; internal and external opposition to the Salazar regime; the annus horribilis of 1961; the first African loss, the fortress of Ajudá. 8-The last African wars; the beginning of armed conflict in Angola - 1961, Guinea - 1963 and Mozambique - 1964; reasons and consequences for each theater of war; the death of Salazar, what now? 9-Counterinsurgency; the Portuguese way of war; international alliances and enemies, ALCORA; the Marcelo Caetano government; the 25th of April coup d'état and revolution, why, who and how. 10-The end of an era; the revolutionary process in Portugal and in the overseas territories; the independences of Cape Verde, S?o Tomé and Príncipe, Portuguese Guinea, Angola, Mozambique and Timor; the case of Macau; Timor invaded; the 25th of November military movements and the end of the revolutionary period. 11-The post-imperial nation; Portugal chooses the West and joins the European Union in 1986; return to the nation-state; the loss of sovereignty and European integration; the peace-keeping missions; the Expo 1998 and Euro 2004 phenomena; Macau 1999; from economic tiger to economic snail; successful diplomacy, Timor, Saramago, Barroso and Guterres; the CPLP. 12-Final lesson, presentations by the students, debate and a summary of the semester.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing)
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Learning outcomes
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The objective of this course is to allow the students to have an introductory approach to the wider topic of the Portuguese history of the XIX and XX centuries. Due to time constraints, one semester, this was the most adequate solution found to provide university level students with a first but still comprehensive contact to the previous two centuries of the history of Portugal. Hopefully, after completing the course, the students will have the necessary keys to continue their studies in this area and further develop their interest, either academically or personally. The course focuses on three main themes, the end of Portugal as a world power during the XIX century, the New State regime and the figure of Salazar and the overseas wars in Africa between 1961 and 1974/5. The time frames that precede, follow and connect these two eras are also discussed but to a minor level. Timetable: 90 minutes Monday afternoon (exact time to be defined but always after 12:00 and before 18:30)
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Prerequisites
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English B1+ level minimum (Portuguese knowledge is welcome but not essential), the language of communication will be English, with occasional Czech, Portuguese or Spanish if requested.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Written examination, Interim evaluation
Written or oral test at the end of the semester and participation in class discussions, topics to be prepared at home beforehand in order to be ready.
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Recommended literature
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Cann, John P. "Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War 1961-74", Helion&Company, Solihull, UK, 1997..
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Derrick, Michael. "The Portugal of Salazar", Franklin Classics Trade Press, New York, USA, 1939..
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Saraiva, José Hermano. "Portugal, A Companion History", Carcanet Press, Manchester, UK, 1997..
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