| Lecturer(s) | 
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                    Šmilauerová Marie, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
                
                    Klimešová Jitka, prof. RNDr. CSc.
                
                    Pecháčková Sylvie, RNDr. Ph.D.
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    | Course content | 
    | Participants form small groups and each such group works on several "mini-projects". Practicals are complemented with theoretical overview of the state-of-art in research of root systems and mycorrhizal symbiosis, including presentation of the most influential papers in this research field. This course is taught in two extended weekends separated by a month, allowing a greenhouse experiment to take place in-between. Content of lectures: Importance of roots and rhizomes, their anatomy and morphology. Overview of important root parameters and traits and how to measure them. Plant architecture in the belowground. Mycorrhizal symbiosis - differences among individual types, ecological importance, sampling and quantification methods. Field vs. greenhouse experiments - pros and cons. Content of practical: Following methods will be included: sampling soil with corer, isolation of root biomass; excavation of rhizome and root systems of individual plants; clean-up of root samples, measuring root length and SRL; quantifying root architecture with topological approach; staining and quantifying mycorrhizal infection 
 
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    | Learning activities and teaching methods | 
    | unspecified | 
    
    
        
        
            | Learning outcomes | 
        
            | Students learn basic methods of sampling and analysis of plant belowground organs, with a focus on grassland ecosystems. 
 
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            | Prerequisites | 
        
            | Basic knowledge of plant anatomy and morphology 
 
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            | Assessment methods and criteria | 
        
            | unspecified Students should actively participate in all parts, analyse data for their miniprojects and present the results and also present a published research paper focusing on its adopted methods
 
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    | Recommended literature | 
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                    A. Eshel, T. Beeckman [eds]. (2013): Plant roots; the hidden half. Fourth Edition. CRC Press.. 
                
                    A.H. Fitter (1987): An architectural approach to the comparative ecology of plant root systems. New Phytologist, 106: 61-77. 
                
                    A.L. Smit et al. [eds] (2000): Root methods. A handbook. Springer. 
                
                    H. de Kroon et E.J.W. Visser [eds] (2003) Root ecology. Springer.. 
                 
 
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