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Lecturer(s)
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Hrouzek Pavel, Mgr.
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Hájek Jan, Ph.D.
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Delawská Kateřina, Mgr.
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Tučková Dominika, Ing.
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Course content
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The main body of the course is aimed to obtain the knowledge on the natural bioactive secondary metabolites from pharmacological and toxicological point of view, but also form the side of their natural funcion for the producing organism. For the most important groups of natural compounds and their representatives the mechanism of their action will be explained in detail. An important part of the couse is devoted to the secondary metabolites biosynthesis in different groups of organisms and to the knowledge about their distribution and primary function in the nature. The course will also include discussion about different methodological approaches used in secondary metabolite screening. The course contains 12 lectures listed below: 1. Secondary metabolites - why to study them, main groups of secondary metabolites, intercepts of primary and secondary metabolism. 2. Main targets of the action of bioactive compounds in procaryotic cell and viruses. 3. Main targets of the action of bioactive compounds in eucaryotic cells (plant, fungal and human cell) and in human body (neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity) 4. Biosynthesis of bacterial secondary metabolites - Nonribozomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) a polyketide synthetases (PKS) 5. The most important bacterial metabolites I - antibiotics 6. The most important bacterial metabolites II - anticancer and anti-inflamatory compounds 7. Fungal secondary metabolites 8. Plant secondary metanolites I - alkaloids 9. Plant secondary metanolites II - polyphenols, terpenoids, glykosides 10. Examples of animal secondary metabolites and secondary metabolites in symbioses / Methods for secondary metabolite screening 11. Natural functions of secondary metabolites 12. Ecological and ecotoxicological aspects of secondary metabolite production Content of practical training: The practicals will be held in three days block. Students will be trained in basic methods for qualitative and quantitative methods of secondary metabolite analysis as well as in basic methods for natural products screening. In a small working groups the students will extract, analyse an test secondary metabolites from various biological samples.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Dialogic (discussion, interview, brainstorming), Laboratory
- Class attendance
- 42 hours per semester
- Preparation for classes
- 10 hours per semester
- Preparation for exam
- 20 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course in to demonstrate the diversity of teh organic molecules produced by organisms across the tree of live. As the title suggests I am focused on the compounds manifesting some interaction with the biological systems. These might lead to toxicity, use of the compound as an pharmaceutical lead or might have an ecofysiological importance fro the compound producer. The lectures should not be limited for showing the list of compounds and their respective bioactivities, but it is aiming the understanding to the general principles how the bioactive compounds act, what are their biosynthetic routes a how the primary and secondary metabolism is interlinked. My aim is to provide usefull and interesting information for students of biomedical interest as well as with interes for general biology cause parroximatelly half of the medical drugs currently in use is on nature origin and simultaneously it is more and more accepted that so called secondary metbaolites have their (sometimes fascinating) natural role.
Students will obtain basic knowledge on the main groups of secondary metabolites and the biochemical routes leading to their biosynthesis. However, the main body of the course lays in the understanding of the mechanism of the action of main secondary metabolite classes and representatives on the cellular and organ level.
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Prerequisites
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The knowledge of the basic organic chemistry at high-school level is expected. Completion of the course of biochemistry, cell and molecular biology is an advantage.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination, Interview
Due to the topic complexity and lack of the availability of the materials for the self-study the presence on the lectures is highly recomended. The delivery of the laboratory protocols from the practical training is neccesary before the admision to the final exam.
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Recommended literature
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James R. Hans 2003: Natural products: The secondary metabolites. Print ISBN: 978-0-85404-490-0.
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Ramawat,K.G., Merillon, J.M. 2007: Biotechnology, Second Edition: Secondary Metabolites. CRC Press, ISBN 9781578084289.
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Welker M., von Döhren H. (2006): Cyanobacterial peptides - nature's own combinatorial biosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 30:530-63.
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