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Lecturer(s)
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Vokoun Jaroslav, prof. PhDr. Th.D.
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Course content
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1. Clarification of Concepts: Theology as a part of philosophy and theology as rational reflection on Christian faith. Clarification of issues: Faith and reason, rationality and tradition, the concept of revelation in the Judeo-Christian traditionnatural reason and supernatural revelation. The universality of reason and the subjectivity of religious experience? God of the philosophers and/versus God of the theologians? Different attitudes towards philosophy in the Christian traditionirrationalist critique of reasoncredo quia absurdum, rejection of "pagan" philosophy, Christianity as true philosophy, fides quaerens intellectum. Philosophia ancilla theologiaeKant's dilemma: the servant carrying the train for her lady or the light before her lady? Negative theology. The language of theology and the language of philosophy. The problem of analogy. 2. Reception of Platonism in Judaism and Christianity: Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism, Patristics, the mystical tradition. The transcendence of God, the ideal of likeness to God, enlightenment, and grace. Knowledge and love in the Platonic tradition up to the present. The Platonic heritage in the Reformation and Orthodoxy. 3. Influence of Aristotle on Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Teachings: Problems of Christian reception of Aristotle. Aristotelianism and the theology of icons (overcoming Judeo-Christian iconoclasm). 4. Christianity's Contribution to Philosophical Themes: Contingency and finitude of being, individuality and personality, the concept of the world as history, positive appreciation of infinity, novelty, corporeality, worldliness, and creationIncarnation. 5. The Essence of Modernity as the Emancipation of Culture from Christianity: Argumentation and practice of "etsi deus non daretur" (as if God did not exist) in science, morality, politics, economicsand simultaneously building on Christian foundations, with the hidden Christian roots of most modern ideas. Is modernity capable of reproducing these roots?Debate between Böckenförde, Ratzinger versus Habermas. The shift of religion into subjectivity in Descartes, into moralism in Kant, into the realm of sentiment in the English empiricists. Descartes' dispute with Comenius. Pascal's alternative to Descartes. Hegel and liberal ChristianitySchleiermacher. The influence of American pragmatism and Whitehead's philosophy on theology. 6.The Idea of the "Death of God" in Philosophy and Its Confrontation in Theology: Nietzsche and nihilism, relativism. Kierkegaard and Karl Barth as alternatives. Existentialism: agnostic, atheisticand Judeo-Christian alternatives. Marxism in philosophy and theology. Faith in Gabriel Marcel. Theological reception of the post-critical philosophy of Michael Polanyi. Postmodern challenges to theologyVanhoozer's response to deconstructionism. The linguistic turn (Wittgenstein, Austin) and its theological reception (Wolterstorff, Briggs, McClendon, etc.). The rationality of tradition in MacIntyre, Gadamer, etc. 7. Examples of Philosophical Theologies: a) Antiquity: The theological essence of Greek philosophy. The emergence of philosophical theology from myth. Pre-Socratics. Socrates. Plato. Aristotle. Epicureanism and Stoicism. Neoplatonism. b) Modern Philosophical Theologies: In Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel. c) The Decline of Philosophical Theology: Anthropological "overcoming" in Feuerbach, sociopolitical in Marx, nihilistic in Nietzsche, historical-ontological in Heidegger.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Dialogic (discussion, interview, brainstorming)
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to introduce students to the relationship between philosophy and theology, particularly to demonstrate the centrality of theological issues within the European philosophical tradition (which is often ignored or underestimated in standard philosophy history textbooks), and to develop a sensitivity to the philosophical dimension in theology and the theological dimension in philosophy. The course emphasizes the lecturer's long-term focus on the Platonic tradition in theology and the confrontation of Christianity with modernity and postmodernity.
The ability of a students to recognize philosophical questions in theology and vice versa and to orientate themselves in questions of the interdisciplinary dialog of philosophy and theology.
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Prerequisites
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None.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination, Colloquium
An exam based on lectures and other student´s study of chosen topic.
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Recommended literature
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Allen, Diogenes. Filosofie jako brána k teologii. .
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Boer, T. de. Bůh filosofů a Bůh Pascalův: na pomezí filosofie a theologie. .
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Briggs, R. Words in Action Speech Act Theory and Biblical Interpretation. .
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Ivánka, E. von. Plato christianus. .
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Murphy, N. Anglo- american Postmodernity. .
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Pannenberg, W. Metaphysik und Gottesgedanke. .
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Pannenberg, W. Theologie und Philosophie. Ihr Verhaeltnis im Lichte ihrer gemeinsamen Geschichte. .
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Pannenberg, W. Was ist der Mensch? Die Anthropologie der Gegenwart im Lichte der Theologie. .
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Placher, W. The domestication of transcendence: how modern thinking about God went wrong. .
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Robinson, J. M., Cobb, J.B. Der spaetere Heidegger und die Theologie. .
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Schulz, W. Der Gitt der neuzeitlichen Metaphysik. .
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Vokoun, J. Grammatica fidei: Katechese " po Wittgensteinovi". .
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Vokoun, J. K problému tzv. přirozené teologie, in: Beneš, K., Machula, T. (eds.), Stav dialogu přírodovědců s teology: témata-osobnosti-instituce. .
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Vokoun, J. K recepci Kanta v křesťanské teologii a filosofii in Deset let Teologické fakulty Jihočeské univerzity. .
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Weischedel, W. Der Gott der Philosophen. Grundlegung einer philosophischen Theologie im Zeitalter des Nihilismus. .
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Wolterstorff, N. Divine Discourse. Philosophical reflections on the claim that God speaks. .
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