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Lecturer(s)
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Course content
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Introduction: - Logic as a science and as an instrument. Entailment as the object of logic. - History of logic. Aristotelian-scholastic logic, early modern decadence of logic, contemporary logic Aristotelian logic - Thought. Thought as a kind of cognition. concept-formation, judging, inferring. Thought vs. imagination. Thought vs. language. - Concept. Concept as a sign. Object of a concept. Comprehension of a concept and its notes. Extension of a concept. Kinds and division of concepts. Predicables. Relations of concepts. Definiton and division. - Judgement. Categorical judgement. Subjet and predicate. Predication and truth. Quality and quantity. Distribution. Conversion. Square of oppositions. Composite judgements. - Argument. Categorical syllogism. Major and minor premise. Middle term. Figures and modes. Hypothetical and dijunctive argument. - Argumentation and counterargumentation. Argument. Proof. Objection. Method of argumentation and counterargumentation. Enthymeme and reconstruction of complete syllogism. Distinction. Indirect proof. Argument a rectis ad obliqua. Limits of argumentation.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Dialogic (discussion, interview, brainstorming), Work with text (with textbook, with book), Skills training
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Learning outcomes
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Becoming familiar with logic as a science and as an instrument. Becoming familiar with the Aristotelian conception of logic and practicing basic logical skills.
- theoretical knowledge of the basics of Aristotelian logic - capability of elementar logical analysis of natural language - practical ability to define and distinguish concepts and discern their mutual relations - practical ability to utilise basic kinds of arguments and to distinguish a valid argument from an invalid one - capability of counter-argumentation and of posing objections
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Prerequisites
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none
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination, Student performance assessment, Test
Alternatively: - minimal proficiency in homework - written (practical) and oral (theoretical)exam
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Recommended literature
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Copi, Irvin. Introduction to Logic.
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Jiří Fuchs. Úvod do filosofie. 1. Filosofická logika, Krystal, Praha 1993. Praha, 1993.
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Kreeft, Peter. Socratic logic : a logic text using Socratic method, Platonic questions & Aristotelian principles. 2010.
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Novák, Lukáš - Dvořák, Petr. Úvod do logiky aristotelské tradice. České Budějovice, 2007.
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P. Cmorej. Úvod do logické syntaxe a sémantiky, Triton. 2002.
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Prokop Sousedík. Logika pro studenty humanitních oborů, Vyšehrad, Praha 2001. Praha: Vyšehrad, 2001.
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Selucký, Oldřich. Logika pro střední školy. Praha, 1995.
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