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Lecturer(s)
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Davídková Markéta, Mgr.
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Doležal Petr, RNDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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Lecture: 1. Introduction - historical perspective, basic methodology and terminology, endocrine signals and chemical signalling between conspecific organisms (hormones and pheromones), classification of hormones (transport and mode of action) Endocrinology of invertebrates 1. Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Plathelmintes, Nemertea, Annelida, Polychaeta, Echinodermata, Mollusca (basic review of endocrine systems and hormone functions) 2. Insecta - insect endocrine system, classification and functions of insect hormones, the role of chemical signalling in insect life - hormones and pheromones (metamorphosis and ecdysis, diapause, etc.) 3. Crustacea - endocrine system, classification and functions of hormones, comparison to insects Endocrinology of vertebrates 1. Vertebrates vs invertebrates, comparative review of endocrine glands and their products in several vertebrate taxa. 2. Hormonal control of water and osmotic balance in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates (antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, renin - angiotenzine, hormonal malfunctions etc.) 3. Hormonal control of ion balance and pH (calcium and bone metabolism, Na, K regulation, etc.) 4. Hormonal control of metamorphosis, development and growth (amphibian metamorphosis - hormones of thyroid and pituitary etc., Hormonal control of cell cycle and body growth - insulin, thyroxine, GH, IGF etc.) 5. Hormonal control of metabolism and thermoregulation (thermogenesis - thyroid hormones vs. Na - K ATP-ase etc., metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins - IGF 1, IGF 2, glucocorticoids, leptin, adiponectin etc.) 6. Hormonal control of sex, reproduction and gravidity, sex determination (androgens, progesterone, estrogen, hCG, hPL etc., types of sex determination) 7. Hormone synthesis malfunctions and their consequences (Addison´s disease, Cushing´s syndrome and Cushing´s disease, diabetes, thyroid malfunctions etc.) Practical exercises: 1. Basic methods of insect endocrinology - ligature of Galleria mellonella larvae. The impact of juvenoids on the metamorphosis and development of insects - application of methoprene on Pyrrhocoris apterus. The impact of juvenoids and ecdysteroids on the diapause development in insects - JH III application of ecdysone on diapausing adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. 2. Evaluation of results of last course - Dissection of L. decemlineata adults and comparison of diapausing and hormonally treated specimens. Biochemical test of diapause/activity by application of blue tetrazolium on internal organs. Dissection of control adults and adultoids of P. apterus. Effect of ligatures on Galleria mellonella larvae. 3. Insect stress hormones - injection of AKH into adults of P.apterus and Tenebrio molitor. Mobilization of energy reserves after the application - assesment of lipid and carbohydrate level in the haemolymph of treated insects. 4. Excursion to the Hospital in České Budějovice - Department of Biochemistry - assesment of hormones in samples of human of human blood serum.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Monologic (reading, lecture, briefing), Demonstration, Excursion
- Field trip
- 4 hours per semester
- Preparation for credit
- 16 hours per semester
- Class attendance
- 22 hours per semester
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Learning outcomes
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The course reviews basic knowledge on comparative endocrinology of vertebrates and invertebrates, and emphasizes the differences between both groups .
During the lectures, students will be acquainted with the history of the field, terminology and endocrine systems of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. The exercises are conceived as an overview of methods used to study endocrine systems of invertebrates and vertebrates (ligatures, synthetic analogues of insect hormones, ELISA, etc.)
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Prerequisites
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The prerequisite for the study is knowledge of endocrinology at the level of KZO 230 course.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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Oral examination, Development of laboratory protocols, Interim evaluation
To pass the oral exam, students are expected to attend 80% of practical exercises and to answer 60% of the questions correctly.
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Recommended literature
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De Groot et al. (1995): Endocrinology vol. 1 - 3. Saunders Copany, Philadelphia, USA, 3024 pp..
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Fox S.I. (2006): Human physiology. McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA, 770 pp..
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Gilbert S.F. (2006): Developmental biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 817 pp.
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Silbernagl S., Despopoulos A. (1993): Atlas fyziologie člověka. Grada Publishing, Praha, 368 pp..
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Landau, M., Biggers, W. J. and Laufer, H. Invertebrate Endocrinology.. Comprehensive Physiology. 1291?1390., 2011.
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