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Lecturer(s)
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Polívka Tomáš, prof. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Šebelík Václav, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Litvín Radek, RNDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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The course consists of lectures, seminar and practicals. Topics covered in seminar are in parentheses. 1. Oscillations. Harmonic oscillator, non-damped, damped and forced oscillators. Resonance. Pendulum. Anharmonic oscillator. (Full solution of oscillator motion by solving of differential equations.) 2. Wave motion. Travelling and standing waves. Transversal and longitudinal waves. Wave equation. Huygens principle. Plane and spherical waves. Mechanical energy of waves. Principle of superposition. (Derivation and solution of wave equation. Fourier analysis.) 3. Acoustics. Sound waves. Sound propagation. Speed of sound. Intensity of sound. Infrasound and ultrasound. Sound sources. Doppler effect. Supersonic speed. (Derivation of equations for speed of sound in a medium and for pressure amplitude.) 4. Electromagnetic waves I. Light as electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic wave in vacuum. Energy of electromagnetic wave. Radiation pressure. Speed of light. Phase and group velocity. Michelson-Morley experiment. (Derivation of wave equation from Maxwell equations.) 5. Electromagnetic waves II. Light polarization. Reflection and refraction of light. Snell's law. Fermat principle. Fresnel equations. Polarization of light by reflection. Chromatic dispersion. Physics of rainbow. (Derivation of polarization states from electromagnetic wave equation. Derivation of Snell's law from Fermat principle.) 6. Anisotropy and light scattering. Propagation of planar wave in anisotropic medium. Birefrigence. Optical properties of crystals. Applications of birefrigence. Optical activity. Light scattering, polarization by scattering. (Spatial and temporal coherence, degree of coherence.) 7. Light interference. Young's experiment. Michelson interferometer. Superposition of electromagnetic waves. Thin-film interference. Newton's rings. Fabry-Perot interferometer. Applications of interferometry. 8. Diffraction. Fraunhofer diffraction. Diffraction on one slit and on and multiple slits. Diffraction gratings. Diffraction on apertures. Rayleigh criterium. Babinet principle. Fresnel diffraction. X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law. (Fresnel diffraction, Fresnel integrals. Cornu spiral.) 9. Geometrical optics. Short wave approximation. Paraxial optics. Lensmaker equation. Lenses, mirrors, imagery. Aberrations. Reflective prisms. (Analytical ray tracing. Eikonal equation.) 10. Optical instruments: human eye, magnifying glass, ocular, microscope, telescope, camera, spectrometer. Near-sightedness, far-sightedness and their correction. Introduction to photometry. Optical fibers. (Microscopic explanation of refractive index. Lorentz oscillator model.) 11. Light as a particle. Blackbody radiation. Planck's law. Photoelectric effect. Photon. Content of practicals: Solving problems related to the covered theory.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified
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Learning outcomes
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The course covers essential topics associated with light as an electromagnetic wave and its key properties. Introduction of the formalism on the example of mechanical oscillators and waves is also included. Applications of the covered theory are also included.
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Prerequisites
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Basic knowledge of mathematical analysis (derivatives, integrals) is expected. Finishing the courses of Physics I and Physics II is an advantage but not a requirement.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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unspecified
Active participation in the seminar, presentation of issued topics. Passing the course unit credit before the examination. Correct answers to at least 60 % of exam questions in written and oral part of the exam.
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Recommended literature
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Feynman, Richard Phillips; Gottlieb, Michael A.; Leighton, Ralph; Sands, Matthew L.; Leighton, Robert B.,; Vogt, Rochus. Feynmanovy přednášky z fyziky : doplněk k Feynmanovým přednáškám z fyziky. 1. vyd. Havlíčkův Brod : Fragment, 2007. ISBN 978-80-253-0391-7.
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Halliday, D. a kol. Fyzika. Brno, VUTIUM, 2000. ISBN 80-214-1868-0.
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Hecht, Eugene. Optics. 4th ed. San Francisco : Addison Wesley, 2002. ISBN 0-321-18878-0.
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Main, Iain G. Kmity a vlny ve fyzice. Vyd. 1. Praha : Academia, 1990. ISBN 80-200-0272-3.
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Malý, P. Optika. Praha, 2013.
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