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Lecturer(s)
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Durchan Milan, RNDr. CSc.
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Course content
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Lectures (2 lessons): 1. Introduction to physics (fields of classical and theoretical physics); physical quantities and fields. 2. Mechanics and conservation laws (kinematics of a mass point); definitions and formulas. 3. Wave-particle dualism (historical overview); photo effect; electromagnetic spectrum. 4. Structure and description of the atom; periodic table of elements; chemical bonding and formation of molecules. 5. Particle-wave dualism; absolute blackbody radiation; particle diffraction. 6. Quantum theory (basic concepts); Bohr's model of the atom; Pauli principle and quantum numbers. 7. Atomic nucleus (structure, mass deficit, binding energy); types of radioactive decay. 8. X-rays (history); the emergence of X-ray radiation and its two spectral characteristics. 9. Law of radioactive decay; radionuclides and their activity. 10. Types and use of radioisotopes; thermonuclear fusion; subatomic particle research (LHC). 11. Ionizing radiation (IR) and its interaction with matter (ionization process, sources and types of IR). 12. Basics of the theory of the origin of the Universe and its evolution. 13. Brief basics of string theory. 14. Final summary and discussion of the material covered. Practical classes (1 lesson): 1.-2. Basic physical quantities (SI) and constants; derived quantities and conversions. 3.-4. Examples of the theory of wave-particle dualism. 5-6 Examples of the theory of particle-wave dualism. 7-8 Calculations of mass deficit and nuclear binding energy; internal conversion of radiation. 9-10 Examples of the theory of radioactive decay and activity of radionuclides. 11.-12. Nuclear equations (products of radioactive decay and nuclear fusion). 13.-14. Quantities and units characterizing ionizing radiation. Credit test.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to give students the basics of physical theories related to the structure of matter, the electromagnetic field, nuclear reactions and ionizing radiation, including its interactions with inorganic and organic matter to the extent necessary for mastering other professional subjects.
The student will acquire basic physical knowledge about the structure of the atom, its nucleus and electron shell, learn the mechanisms of nuclear fission and fusion reactions, methods of detecting ionizing radiation, learn basic dosimetric quantities and their units. At the end of the course, he/she will also look into the physical foundations of the big bang theory and string theory.
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Prerequisites
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unspecified
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Assessment methods and criteria
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unspecified
Form of verification of study results: combined exam (written test, oral exam). Student requirements: active, controlled participation in seminars.
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Recommended literature
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HALLIDAY, D., RESNICK, R., WALKER, J. Fyzika I + II.. VUTIUM, Brno. ISBN 80-214-1868-0.
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Kulhánek, Petr. Vybrané kapitoly z teoretické fyziky. Vydání: první. Praha : AGA, 2016. ISBN 978-80-904582-8-4.
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MFF UK. Kurz fyziky /on line.
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PODZIMEK, František, Heiko VISSER a Václav BLÁHA. Radiologická fyzika: fyzika ionizujícího záření. V Praze: České vysoké učení technické, 2013. ISBN 978-80-01-05319-5.
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Štoll, I. Fyzika mikrosvěta. Prometheus, Praha, 2003.
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