1) Structuralism in linguistics 1: Basic intuition in the foundations of structural linguistics; preference for a synchronic perspective over a diachronic one, distinction between language (langue) and speech (parole). 2) Structuralism in linguistics 2: Bilateral model of the sign, arbitrariness, differential nature of the sign, holistic model of the language system. 3) Structuralism in Linguistics 3: Interconnectedness of hierarchically ordered levels of the language system, syntagmatic (in praesentia) and paradigmatic (in absentia) relations in language, absolute and relative arbitrariness. 4) Structuralism in linguistics 4: Jakobson's concept of phoneme, distinction between phonetics and phonology. 5) The idea of semiology (general theory of the sign) as a basis for transferring the model of structural analysis from linguistics to other subject areas. 6) Structuralism in anthropology 1: contemporary context (French sociology/social anthropology tradition, British functionalism). 7) Structuralism in anthropology 2: Lévi-Strauss and structural anthropology (interpretation of kinship systems as sign systems, interpretation of myths, natural peoples' thought, "neolithic intelligence"). 8) Structuralist historiography 1: History of long time courses, history of the everyday, "material life" (Braudel). 9) Structuralist Historiography 2: Foucault's conception of historiography; the idea of the monument, the archive and the archaeology of knowledge; Foucault's relation to the legacy of the Enlightenment. 10) A critical assessment of the limits of structural method: Ricoeur on the philosophical ambitions of structuralism and the role of structuralism in a general theory of understanding (hermeneutics). 11) Structuralism in literary science 1: Jakobson and Mukařovský on poetic function. 12) Structuralism in literary science 2: The idea of narratology (inspired by Propp's analysis of the Russian magic tale and Lévi-Strauss's interpretation of myths). 13) Summary, repetition.
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The course aims to introduce structuralism as one of the major schools of thought in the humanities and social sciences in the twentieth century, building on the legacy of de Saussure's structural linguistics. The course will trace the penetration of inspiration from linguistics into other areas of humanities and social science research: anthropology (Lévi-Strauss), historiography (Braudel, Foucault), literary theory (Jakobson, Barthes), and theories of other art forms. Against the background of the various theories, attention will be continuously paid to the overarching theme, namely the structuralist conception of the sign and the idea of a general theory of the sign, semiotics: in what respects the basic conceptual framework developed by de Saussure has been preserved during the transfer from linguistics to other subject areas, and in what respects it has changed. Space will also be devoted to critical perspectives on the structuralist project (Benveniste, Ricoeur, philosophical hermeneutics).
The course offers students critical insight into one of the most important intellectual traditions of the twentieth century, whose influence continues to this day (to introduce them to the argumentative practices and new themes that structuralist thought brought).
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Barthes, Roland; Fulka, Josef. Mytologie. 1. vyd. v čes. jazyce. Praha : Dokořán, 2004. ISBN 80-86569-73-X.
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Braudel, Fernand; Beguivinová, Helena. Dynamika kapitalismu. Vydání druhé, doplněné. Praha : Argo, 2019. ISBN 978-80-257-2818-5.
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Foucault, Michel; Pelikán, Čestmír. Archeologie vědění. Praha : Herrmann a synové, 2002. ISBN 80-239-0124-9.
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Foucault, Michel; Pelikán, Čestmír. Dějiny sexuality. I, Vůle k vědění. V Praze : Herrmann & synové, 1999. ISBN 80-238-5090-3.
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Foucault, Michel; Pelikán, Čestmír. Dohlížet a trestat : kniha o zrodu vězení. Praha : Dauphin, 2000. ISBN 80-86019-96-9.
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Jakobson, Roman; Červenka, Miroslav; Chlíbcová, Milada,; Pokorná, Terezie; Vodička, Felix. Poetická funkce. Vyd. v tomto souboru 1. Praha : H & H, 1995. ISBN 80-85787-83-0.
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Jakobson, Roman. Six Lectures on Sound and Meaning. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1978. ISBN 978-0262600101.
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Kyloušek, Petr,; Fryčer, Jaroslav. Znak, struktura, vyprávění : výbor z prací francouzského strukturalismu. Vyd. 1. Brno : Host, 2002. ISBN 80-7294-016-3.
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude; Pechar, Jiří. Myšlení přírodních národů. Praha : Československý spisovatel, 1971.
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude; Pechar, Jiří,; Stuchlík, Milan. Smutné tropy. Vyd. 1. Praha : Odeon, 1966.
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude; Vacek, Jindřich. Strukturální antropologie. Vyd. 1. Praha : Argo, 2006. ISBN 80-7203-713-7.
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude; Vilikovský, Pavel. Mýtus a význam. 1. vyd. Bratislava : Archa [Bratislava], 1995. ISBN 80-7115-052-5.
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Mauss, Marcel; Našinec, Jiří. Esej o daru, podobě a důvodech směny v archaických společnostech. Vydání druhé, v Portále první. Praha : Portál, 2021. ISBN 978-80-262-1810-4.
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Mukařovský, Jan; Jankovič, Milan,; Červenka, Miroslav. Studie. I.. Vydání první. Brno : Host, 2000. ISBN 80-7294-000-7.
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Propp, Vladimír Jakovlevič; Pittermannová, Marcela,; Šmahelová, Hana,; Červenka, Miroslav. Morfologie pohádky a jiné studie. Vyd. tohoto souboru 1. Jinočany : Nakladatelství H a H, 1999. ISBN 80-86022-16-1.
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Saussure, Ferdinand de; De Mauro, Tullio,; Čermák, František. Kurs obecné lingvistiky. Vyd. 2., v nakl. Academia vyd. 1. Praha : Academia, 1996. ISBN 80-200-0560-9.
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Todorov, Tzvetan; Pelán, Jiří,; Valentová, Libuše. Poetika prózy. Vyd. 1. Praha : Triáda, 2000. ISBN 80-86138-27-5.
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