| Lecturer(s) | 
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    | Course content | 
    | Lectures:  1. What makes good model organism.       2. E.coli  and  bacterial models         3. Yeasts             4. Synechocystis          5. Dictyostelium           6. Arabidopsis           7. Caenorhabditis  8. Planarians          9. Drosophila           10. Xenopus laevis           11. Zebrafish             12. Mouse             13. Higher mammalian models         14. Tissue cultures and organoids  Excursions - selection of three:  Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, Dictyostelium discoideaum, Amphioxus lanceolatus, Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Synechocystys sp., Danio rerio , Liver and adipose tissue organoids, Planarians 
 
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    | Learning activities and teaching methods | 
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                    Class attendance
                        - 58 hours per semester
                    Preparation for classes
                        - 32 hours per semester
                    Preparation for exam
                        - 35 hours per semester
                    Preparation for credit
                        - 25 hours per semester
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            | Learning outcomes | 
        
            | The goal of the course is to introduce students to different model organisms, their possibilities and limits. Last but not least, attention will be paid to the ethical aspects of the use of model organisms and alternative model systems.  The graduate of the course should have a basic knowledge of the most widely used model organisms, in vitro alternatives, tools for modifying their genome as well as their potential use in both research and biotechnology. 
 
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            | Prerequisites | 
        
            | Molecular Biology (KBM/250 or equivalent course from former university), Basic Cell Biology (KMB/023 or equivalent course from former university), Basic methods in molecular biology (KMB/608 or equivalent course from former university). KMB/250  and  KMB/023  and  KMB/608
 
 
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            | Assessment methods and criteria | 
        
            | unspecified Requirements on student:  Credit: Active participation in practicals (max. 3 absences) Exam: Successful completion of the oral examination (min. 50 %).
 
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    | Recommended literature | 
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                    In addition to above mentioned literature, student students will work with current research and review scientific papers.. 
                
                    Model systems in biology, MIT Press LTD, EAN: 9780262046947, ISBN: 0262046946, ID: 38965320. 2022. 
                
                    Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research, Autor: Musk Gabrielle C., ISBN 9783036503325. 
                
                    Science without Laws: Model Systems, Cases, Exemplary Narratives, Edited by Angela N. H. Creager; Elizabeth. 
                 
 
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